Key Insight: Court found it ?more likely than not? that plaintiff?s fabrication of an exhibit was in bad faith and necessitated sanctions and ordered an evidentiary hearing where evidence revealed that plaintiff had significantly altered evidence and subsequently provided misleading information to opposing counsel and the court regarding the same
Electronic Data Involved: Fabricated evidence
Key Insight: Court declined to impose sanctions for plaintiff?s failure to disable software set to automatically erase and write-over internet-related files whenever the browser closed where plaintiff asserted that he installed such software as a regular practice on all of his computers and where because of the automatic nature of the software, evidence was lost well before plaintiff filed his suit or defendant filed its countersuit; defendant would be allowed to present additional evidence of spoliation at trial and the court indicated its willingness to reconsider sanctions upon a showing that more than just internet-related files were deleted
Nature of Case: Breach of contract related to compensation
Electronic Data Involved: Laptop
Key Insight: Highlighting that a party?s duty of preservation is owed to the court and not to a potential plaintiff, court found that defendant was grossly negligent in its failure to issue a litigation hold or take other efforts to ensure preservation of relevant evidence and ordered an adverse inference; court also found that defendant acted ?willfully in failing to timely and adequately respond to the document requests? where defendant?s search terms were not ?calculated to capture? relevant documents and where a court ordered (re)search resulted in production of thousands of documents only three days before the close of discovery and ordered defendant to reimburse plaintiff for expenses incurred as a result of the misconduct and for the reasonable attorney?s fees spent to challenge the misconduct, prepare for additional depositions, and bring the instant motion for sanctions; court?s opinion specifically declined to hold that a lack of written litigation hold was negligence per se
Nature of Case: Breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, etc. related to purchase of condominium
Electronic Data Involved: Emails, ESI
Key Insight: For egregious discovery violations, including attempting to conceal relevant custodians, failure to issue litigation holds, spoliation, delay, and lack of candor, the court granted in part defendants? motion for terminating sanctions and dismissed plaintiff?s claim for business interruption losses?the claim most affected by the discovery abuse; court declined to dismiss all claims where, despite the discovery violations, defendants? were not sufficiently prejudiced to support terminating sanctions, but found an adverse inference instruction to be ?an adequate remedy?
Nature of Case: Complaint seeking payment of insurance claims; counterclaim for fraud
Electronic Data Involved: ESI
Key Insight: Court denied plaintiff?s motion for sanctions where at-issue emails were deleted prior to when defendant?s duty to preserve attached; court?s analysis included consideration of when duty to preserve arose and found that some communications from plaintiff may have ?hinted at potential claims to certain employees? but did not ?directly threaten litigation? and that the duty to preserve was triggered later, upon receipt of the summons and complaint
Electronic Data Involved: Emails, ESI
Key Insight: Court deferred judgment regarding motion for spoliation sanctions for missing video surveillance tapes of the relevant ?cell extraction? pending defendant?s production of prison policies regarding the proper preservation of such video where the court regarded the ?question of spoliation? to be ?closely intertwined with the issue of whether the defendants followed their own operations procedures in preserving evidence?
Nature of Case: Prisoner’s civil rights lawsuit
Electronic Data Involved: Video surveillance tape
Key Insight: For defendant?s egregious discovery violations uncovered with the assistance of a special master, including failing to adequately search for responsive materials and lying to the court about such searching and other, related topics, court indicated likelihood that it would find as a matter of law that an agency relationship existed between the offending defendant and another entity implicated in the underlying accident claims but, recognizing that ?responsibility for punishing BL for its discovery violations lies with the court, rather than the jury? declined to order an adverse inference and instead set the matter for hearing where proper sanctions and the egregious conduct of counsel would be discussed before a final determination was made
Nature of Case: Claims arising from bus accident
Electronic Data Involved: ESI, hard copy
Key Insight: Where the trial court concluded that defendant committed discovery violations in bad faith, including failing to timely produce responsive information, withholding responsive information even after a court order to produce, failing to provide an explanation for the failure to produce certain responsive information, producing certain documents only after being presented with evidence of their existence by plaintiff, and purging responsive documents from relevant files during the pendency of litigation, and where a lesser sanctions were properly considered, appellate court found ?reasonable grounds supporting the court?s decision? and affirmed the sanction of default judgment
Nature of Case: Violation of civil rights, selective enforcement of the law, failure to supervise, and related claims
Electronic Data Involved: Emails, hard copy
Key Insight: For the receiver?s failure to disclose the existence and specific location of relevant emails by the required initial disclosure deadline pursuant to Rule 26, the court imposed sanctions and precluded the receiver?s use of such ESI at trial; for the receiver?s failure to disclose its access to defendants? privileged communications (including accessing, through the actions of a third party, the personal and privileged emails of one defendant by accessing his personal email accounts without his knowledge), the court imposed monetary sanctions, including payment of the costs of investigating and bringing the motion as well as payment of one defendant?s attorney?s fees during the time his co-defendant provided the receiver with access to his privileged communications
Nature of Case: Receiver filed suit against former officers and employees for myriad of claims, including breach of fiduciary duty, unfair competition, civil conspiracy, etc.
Electronic Data Involved: Emails
Key Insight: Where defendant?s multiple attempts at starting plaintiff?s car following the underlying accident resulted in multiple ?blocks? of data being overwritten, the court denied sanctions absent evidence that the loss was intentional (where the imposition of sanctions required a showing of bad faith) and because the relevant ?event? data was also recorded in alternative source that was fully preserved and plaintiff offered no evidence that the relevant data was recorded only to the lost data blocks and not the available alternative source
Nature of Case: Personal injury/product liability
Electronic Data Involved: Black box data from automobile
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