Tag:Admissibility

Key Insight: Conviction reversed and case remanded where trial court abused its discretion by admitting text messages found on the defendant?s cell phone without providing any evidence to establish that the defendant was the author of the at-issue messages, particularly where several messages referred to the defendant in the third person and ?and thus, were clearly not written by her?; court also found the text messages constituted inadmissible hearsay

Nature of Case: Drug conviction

Electronic Data Involved: Text messages

Key Insight: Where a computer analyst made a backup image of certain files on defendant?s computer and returned the laptop to defendant?s employer, who proceeded to look through the files, etc. before supplying the backup image and the laptop to the FBI, and where the FBI then made an image of the backup image and an image of the entire laptop, the court held that the image of the backup image, reflecting some of the contents of the laptop before the employer looked through the laptop?s files, could be admitted as proof of what the FBI obtained from the employer AND as evidence of some of the contents of the laptop (the backup image did not include the entire contents of the laptop); court held that FBI?s image of the whole laptop (taken after the employer had looked through the files, etc. and thus changed metadata, etc.) could be admitted as evidence of what was obtained by the FBI from the employer, but cold not be offered to prove the contents of the laptop while in defendant?s possession

Nature of Case: Theft of trade secrets

Electronic Data Involved: Backup image and image of contents of laptop

Key Insight: Court found plaintiff failed to properly authenticate emails allegedly sent to him by Clive Standish pursuant to either Evidence Rule 901(b)(1), permitting authentication through the testimony of a witness with personal knowledge, or Rule 901(b)(4) which allows authentication by appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive characteristics taken in conjunction with circumstances and, absent admissible evidence to create a triable issue of material fact, granted defendant?s motion for summary judgment

Nature of Case: Fraud

Electronic Data Involved: Emails

Key Insight: Court outlined possible ways to authenticate an email and found that the emails at issue were properly authenticated and admitted where some came from an account bearing the defendant?s name, where many were signed by the defendant, where some contained identifying information, including defendant?s social security number and telephone numbers and other personal facts, and where an investigator recalled that at least two of the email addresses contained in the at-issue emails had been used on the computer of the victim, with whom defendant was staying before her death; per the court, possible ways to authenticate an email include: by ?use of the email address, which many times contains the same of the sender;? by ?[t]he signature or name of the sender or recipient in the body of the email;? by evidence ?that an email is a timely response to an earlier message;? and by presentation of the ?contents of the email and other circumstances? which may show authorship

Nature of Case: Murder

Electronic Data Involved: Emails

Key Insight: Trial court properly determined that Facebook messages from Defendant to his victim were admissible non-hearsay as party admissions pursuant to MRE 801(d)(2); trial court (in bench trial) indicated that it reviewed Facebook messages from victim to defendant and from victim to her sister to ?provide context? for Defendant and victim?s relationship and, on appeal, appellate court reasoned that ?[r]egardless whether some of the messages should not have been admitted under MRE 803(3), the trial court did not rely on the messages to prove that any events actually occurred; judgment of the trial court was affirmed

Nature of Case: Criminal: First-degree felony murder and carjacking

Electronic Data Involved: Social Media Content (e.g., Facebook)

Key Insight: Where, ?in order to admit physical evidence, the possibility of misidentification or alteration must be ?eliminated, not absolutely, but as a matter of reasonably probability?? and where the authenticity of the DVD showed at trial (which was a copy of a copy of the original videotape) was supported in various ways, including the testimony of a witness who had viewed the content of all copies of the DVD and original tape that the content was the same, the testimony of the agent responsible for creating the copy used in the courtroom, and testimony from other witnesses that the content of the tape depicted actual events, the court determined that the trial court did not err by admitting the DVD into evidence and affirmed defendant?s conviction

Nature of Case: Sexual exploitation of minor

Electronic Data Involved: DVD admitted into evidence

Key Insight: Court upheld the Commonwealth?s request to establish the school zone applicability using measurements from Google Earth upon finding that the measurement was properly authenticated by testimony that the accuracy of the measurement had been verified by comparing Google Earth?s results to a known distance between two points as established by independent, manual measuremen

Nature of Case: Drug charges

Electronic Data Involved: Google Earth measurement

Key Insight: Court declined to consider printouts allegedly from the Internet Archive?s Wayback Machine where plaintiff failed to properly authenticate them by providing an affidavit from an employee of the Internet Archive to verify the pages

Nature of Case: Trademark Infringement

Electronic Data Involved: Print outs from Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine

Key Insight: Court held GPS data was properly admitted as a business record where the state presented testimony of an employee for the GPS monitoring company who explained how the monitoring system worked and the testimony of appellant?s probation officer who explained how he accessed the GPS database and printed the exhibits introduced, and where the probation officer had previously tested the accuracy of the GPS system by taking appellant to different locations and checking the accuracy of the monitoring data

Nature of Case: Probation revocation

Electronic Data Involved: GPS monitoring data